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| THE PRACTICAL SANSKRIT-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
| Containing Appendices on Sanskrit Prosody and
| important Literary & Geographical names
| in the ancient history of India.
| (\ *FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.*\ )
| BY
| VAMAN SHIVRAM APTE M. A.,
| PRINCIPAL AND PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT, FERGUSSON COLLEGE, POONA.
| (\ *All Rights Reserved.*\ )
| POONA:
| SHIRALKAR & CO., BOOK-SELLERS &c. &c.
| BUDHWAR PETH.
| 1890. 
| POONA:
| PRINTED AT THE “ARYA VIJAYA” PRESS.
| 150 \ *BUDHWAR PETH.*\ 

PREFACE.
--------


| This Dictionary has been undertaken to supply a want long felt by the student of a complete
| and at the same time cheap Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Very little need, I think, be said with regard
| to the necessity of bringing out a work like this, when the study of Sanskrit has received such a strong
| impetus during the last twenty-five years. There have been four or five Sanskrit-English Dictionaries pub-
| lished till now; but very few of them fulfil the two essential conditions of the popularity and usefulness of
| such works: --satisfying all the requirements of students and at the same time being within their easy reach.
| The Dictionaries of Professors Wilson and Monier Williams are very useful and valuable works, but their
| prices-particularly of the latter-are prohibitively high, and they do not also meet many of the most ordinary
| wants of Sanskrit readers. A student, while reading Sanskrit at School or College, generally expects that the
| Dictionary which he uses will give appropriate equivalents for such words and compound expressions as
| may have peculiar meanings or shades of meaning in particular passages. He desires to know not only that
| a particular word has so many senses, but that it has this or that sense in a particular passage of a
| book, so that he may determine any particular meaning of a word in a certain passage by seeing and
| comparing how it is used elsewhere by the same writer or by other writers in different works. He also
| wants accurate and, as far as possible, full explanations of the more important technical terms occur-
| ring at least in his usual course reading, as well as any other information likely to be of use to him.
| Professor Monier Williams has, in his invaluable Dictionary, tried to exhaust the meanings of words as far as
| he could, and has also given much useful information on some points. But it would not, I think, be detracting
| from the merits of the great work to say that it fails to give some of the most common senses of words occur-
| ring in such well-known and oft-read books as the Uttararâmacharita, Mudrârâkshasa, Veṇîsamhàra,
| \ *S*\ i\ *s*\ upálavadha or Kâdambarî, Moreover it gives neither quotations nor references, nor much of the in-
| formation likely to be useful to the student during his School or College career. In making these re-
| marks I must not, in the slightest degree, be understood to make any reflections on that Dictionary. Indeed, I
| have myself derived no small help from that work, as will be acknowledged further on. My only object
| in pointing out its defects has been to show why I thought it necessary to undertake the compila-
| tion of a new Dictionary, when some already existed in the field, and I hope the reader will be able
| to find that this Dictionary is an improvement on its predecessors in some respects at least.

| Having thus explained the necessity of undertaking and publishing this Dictionary, I shall say a
| few words with regard to its plan and scope. The extent of Sanskrit literature is so vast that not even the
| life-long labours of a single individual, howsoever talented or persevering, will be able to do full justice to it.
| It has two distinct branches, the Vedic and post-Vedic, each of which will require an independent encyclopædia
| for itself. Not even the gigantic \ *Vâchaspatya*\  of the late Professor Târânâtha Tarkavâchaspati, nor the
| equally gigantic German \ *Wörterbuch*\  of Drs. Roth and Bothlingk, can be said to be altogether complete and
| comprehensive. Much less can a small work like mine-complied during the leisure hours
| of a teacher's life-aspire to be called complete in any sense of the word. However, I have
| tried to make it as comprehensive and practically useful to the student of Sanskrit as
| my humble powers enabled me to do, though how far I have succeeded in my object the reader alone can
| best decide. It includes all words occurring in the general post-Vedic literature, such as Epics like
| the Râmâyaṇa and Mahâbhârata, the several Puràṇas, the Smṛiti literature, particularly the law-books of
| Manu and Yâjñavalkya, the several dar\ *s*\ anas or systems of philosophy such as Nyâya, Vai\ *s*\ eshika, Mîmâmsâ,
| Vedânta, &c. Grammar, Rhetoric, Poetry in all its branches, Tantra and dramatic literature, Mathematics,
| Medicine, Astrenemy, Music, and such other technical or scientific branches of learning. It inserts most 
| of the leading names of trees and plants with scientific or vernacular equivalents wherever noteworthy.
| It also gives most of the principal Vedic words or senses of words; for though Vedic Literature would
| require a dictionary by itself, still I did not think it desirable to omit altogether at least such words as fre-
| quently occur, especially as I intended to make this work as complete and comprehensive as I could. For the
| same reason, obscure or unimportant words or senses of words have been inserted, though they may not be
| generally met with in classical literature as studied by the University student.

| The chief feature of this Dictionary is that it has aimed at being \ *practical.*\  With this view I have
| added quotations and references to the peculiar and noteworthy senses of words, especially such as occur in
| works read by the student at School or College. In some cases the quotations might appear to some to
| be superfluous, but to a student, especially a beginner, they are very useful, as they supply him with
| apt illustrations of the senses of words, and enable him to provide himself with a large stock of
| choice, idiomatic expressions which are so abundant in the language. Another noticeable feature of the
| Dictionary is that it gives full explanations of the more important technical terms, particularly in Nyâya,
| Alankâra, Vedânta, Grammar and Dramaturgy, with quotations in Sanskrit wherever necessary; \ *e. g.*\ 
| see the words 

| 
 &c. In the case of Alankâras I have chiefly drawn upon
| the Kàvyaprakâ\ *s*\ a, though I have occasionally consulted the Rasagangâdhara, Chandrâloka and Kuvala-
| yânanda. In the explanation of dramatic terms I have usually followed the Sâhityadarpaṇa and its
| translation into English, and have sometimes referred to the Da\ *s*\ arūpa. Similarly, striking phrases, some
| choice expressions and idioms or peculiar combinations of words, have been given under every word where
| necessary or possible; \ *e. g.*\  see the words गम्, सेतु, मयूर, हस्त, धा, कृ, दा, बंध्, &c. Mythological allusions
| in the case of all important personages have been briefly but clearly explained, so as to give the reader
| most of the facts connected with them; \ *e. g.*\  see अग्नि, अगस्त्य, इंद्र, कार्तिकेय, प्रह्राद, सावित्री &c. Etymology
| has generally been given in the case of every important word, except where it was purely fanciful; \ *e. g.*\  see
| अजीवनि, अतिथि, अपत्य, पुत्र, जाया, हृषीकेश &c. In doing this I have followed the system of native gramma-
| rians who resolve every word into its \ *‘prakriti’*\  and \ *‘pratyaya’,*\  and the terminations given according to
| Pâṇini's nomenclature will be explained further on. I have thought it necessary to do so at the sugges-
| tion of several friends, and have derived considerable help from the great \ *Váchaspatya*\  which I have
| usually followed, except where the etymology given therein appeared to me to be purely arbitrary or fan-
| ciful. Philological comparisons have been given only where useful and noteworthy. The work also gives in-
| formation about words which, it is believed, will be very useful, especially to the University student; \ *e. g.*\ 
| see the words अप्सरस्, असुर, वेद, मंडल, मानस, हंस &c. Some of the most common \ *Nyâyas*\  or Maxims have
| been collected under the word न्याय for easy reference; \ *e. g.*\  see काकतालीयन्याय, दंडापूपन्याय, स्थालीपुलाकन्याय
| &c. To add to the usefulness of the Dictionary I have added at the end three Appendices. The first is on
| Sanskrit Prosody which attempts to give in a clear and intelligible form all the common metres with Defini-
| tions, Schemes in Gaṇas, and Examples. In the preparation of this Appendix I have chiefly
| drawn upon the two popular works on Prosody, the Vṛittaratnâkara and Chhando-Manjari,
| but some common metres omitted in those works have been added from the illustrations
| found in the works of Mâgha, Bháravi, Daṇḍin, Bha\ *t*\ \ *t*\ i, \ *S*\ u4draka &c. Colebrooke's Essay on Sanskrit Metres
| has also given me occasional help. The second Appendix gives the dates, writings &c. of some of the im-
| portant Sanskrit writers such as Kálidâsa, Bhavabhūtî, Bâṇa. Here I have selected only those names about
| which something definite-something more than mere guesses and surmises-is known, and I have derived
| some hints from the Introduction to Vallabhadeva's Subhâshitávali edited by Dr. Peterson and Pandit
| Durgâ Prasâda, and from Prof. Max Müller's ‘India: what it can teach us,’ for which my thanks are due
| to the authors of both the works. The third Appendix gives the most important names in the
| ancient Geography of India with identifications on the modern map wherever ascertained, and
| in this part of the work I have to cordially acknowledge the help I have derived from Cun-
| ningham's Ancient Geography, but particularly from Mr. Borooah's Essay prefixed to the third
| volume of his English-Sanskrit Dictionary. I had at first intended to add two alphabctical indexes to
| the principal events and personages occurring in the Râmâyaṇa and Mahâbhârata, but I have
| had to abandon the project, as the publication of the Dictionary has already been delayed on account of 
| various causes over which I had no control. In short, I have endeavoured to make the PRACTICAL SAN-
| SKRIT-ENGLISH DICTIONARY as complete, comprehensive, and encyclopedic as was possible within the limits
| of a single compact volume by condensing a very large amount of matter by means of suitable typographi-
| cal and other arrangements, and I hope it will be found to be a practically useful and reliable guide in
| the study of the Sanskrit language.

| There is one point which will not fail to strike a careful reader of this Dictionary, which is that there is
| not the same fulness of treatment in the later portion as in the first 300 or 400 pages. After the vowels
| had been printed off, I found that they covered no less than 364 pages by themselves, and if the remain-
| ing letters of the alphabet had been treated with the same fulness, the volume would have increased to
| about 2000 pages, and the publication of the work itself would have been delayed by at least one year more.
| It is obvious that neither time, nor the very cheap price at which the work was offered to subscribers,
| would have enabled me to carry on the work of compilation on the same scale; and I was, therefore, obliged
| to endeavour to curtail the matter by occasionally substituting references for quotations without at the same
| time marring the usefulness of the work, and by abridging explanations of words and the information given
| about them, while in some cases I have had to keep back matter originally intended for the volume. I hope,
| however, that this has not to any great extent affected the practical usefulness of the Dictionary, and
| I trust that if time and circumstances permit, I shall be in a position to make the second edition much more
| useful, complete, and comprehensive than the first.

| The plan and arrangement of the work will be best understood from the ‘Directions’ which follow.
| Verbs formed by prefixing prepositions to roots are arranged in the alphabetical order of the prepositions so
| affixed; \ *e.g.*\  प्रस्था or संस्था must be looked for not under स्था, but in its own alphabetical order, and at the head
| of its own group of derivatives. This system has been followed in this Dictionary with a view to save re-
| petition of equivalents under the derivatives from a root. But if, on trial, it be found to be practically in-
| convenient, it may be abandoned in the second edition. As in the English-Sanskrit Dictionary, I have
| here throughout used the \ *anusvâra*\  instead of the nasals, (\ *e. g. anga*\  or \ *santâpa*\  is written not as अङ्ग, सन्ताप,
| but as अंग, संताप), which practice, whatever may be said with regard to its correctness, is very convenient for
| purposes of printing. The several contrivances used to effect saving in space will be understood by the
| reader after very short practice.

| It now remains for me to do the grateful duty of acknowledging the help I have derived from differ-
| ent sources. And in doing so I must give the first place to the great Sanskrit encyclopædia, the Vâchas-
| patya of Professor Tárânâtha Tarkavâchaspati. I have constantly kept it by my side and have freely avail-
| ed myself of the information contained in it-of course with large curtailments-though I have had to supple-
| ment it myself wherever it was found to be defective or insufficient. Several words and senses of words not given
| in the existing Sanskrit-English lexicons, as also some quotations, particularly from Udbhaṭa and Puráṇas,
| have been borrowed from the same work. The Sanskrit-English Dictionary of Professor Monier Williams is
| the next work to which I have been greatly indebted. It has been a constant source of help to me, and I
| have frequently adopted his renderings of words, compound expressions &c., where I found them better
| than those I myself had to suggest. And though there is a good deal in this Dictionary that is not to be
| found in that work, and though the plan and scope of the two are essentially different, yet I must
| gratefully acknowledge the great assistance I have often derived from the learned Professor's invaluable Dic-
| tionary. The last work to which also my grateful acknowledgments are due is the German Wörterbuch of
| Drs. Roth and Bothlingk. The chief distinguishing feature of that great work is that it abounds with
| quotations and references dealing with almost every branch of Sanskrit literature, but a careful reader will
| easily see that the works belonging to Vedic literature, such as the four Vedas, Upanishads,
| Brâhmaṇas, \ *A*\ \ raṇyakas &c., have been comparatively more copiously drawn upon by the
| authors than works belonging to the post-Vedic literature. A glance at the contents of this
| Dictionary will show that I have drawn upon works seldom or not at all referred to in the
| Wörterbuch; such as the Mahâvîracharita, Mâlatî-Mâdhava, Uttararâmacharita, Kádambarî, \ *S*\ i\ *s*\ upâla-
| vadha, Kirâtârjunîya, Mudrârâkshasa, Veṇîsamhâra, Ratnâvalî, Kàvyaprakása, \ *S*\ ánkartabhâshya, Bháminîvilása,
| Vikramânkadevacharita, Gangálaharî &c. Indeed, the great majority of quotations and references are 
| from my own collection made during the last seven or eight years; and I have even been obliged to keep back
| a large number of them for want of space. But I must frankly acknowledge that I have freely availed
| myself of the quotations and references in that Dictionary, where my own collection was defective, particularly
| in the case of Vedic and Paurâṇic works. I have also occasionally consulted the Dictionaries of H. H.
| Wilson and Benfey, the former supplying some happy renderings of technical or obscure
| words. To these authors, as well as to the authors and editors of several other works, which are
| too many to be here mentioned, from which I have derived occasional help in one form or another, my
| most grateful thanks are due.

| In conclusion I may be permitted to express the hope that the PRACTICAL SANSKRIT-ENGLISH DICTION-
| ARY-which has attempted to give in 1200 closely printed pages of this size matter at least equal in point of
| \ *quantity*\  to that given by Prof. Monier Williams in his Dictionary, but in point of \ *quality*\  more reliable,
| varied, and practically useful, in my humble opinion-will serve the purpose I have had in view in
| compiling it; namely, to render to the student of Sanskrit nearly the same service that Webster's or Ogilvie's
| Dictionary does to the student of English. I have tried to make it easily accessible to the public by issuing
| a Popular Edition priced at 7 Rupees-a price too low, I believe, for so much matter; while the Library Edi-
| tion which, containing the same matter, is printed on superior paper and in better style, and will also
| have superior binding, will best answer the purposes of the well-to-do persons who can afford to
| spend 10 or 11 Rupees for such object. In a work of this kind I know there must be several de-
| fects and also errors both of omission and commission, and if such persons as will do me the honour of using
| this Dictionary will be so good as to point out to me places which require corrections, additions or improve-
| ments, I shall be very happy to give the suggestions my best consideration in the second edition. But if
| the Dictionary, even in its present form, be found to be a useful publication, I shall consider my labours
| more than amply repaid, and shall feel quite refreshed to devote my humble self again, if need be, to
| the service of the Sanskrit-reading public; for, says the poet,
| क्लेशः फलेन हि पुनर्नवतां विधत्ते।

| Poona,
| 28th December 1890. V. S. APTE. 

DIRECTIONS TO BE STUDIED BEFORE USING THIS DICTIONARY.
------------------------------------------------------


| 1. Words and their derivatives are arranged in the following order: first the \ *radical*\  or primitive
| word in large black type in all its different parts of speech; and then the several derivatives in smaller type.
| In some cases these derivatives are given in their own alphabetical order for the sake of clearness.

| 2. The different parts of speech of a word are indicated by large black dashes, after which the nomi-
| native singular of the part of speech is usually given, or the letters \ *m., f., n.*\  or \ *ind.*\  are put after the dash, the
| leading word being given only once. Where a word is used as an adjective and also as a substantive, the
| senses of the adjective are invariably given first; \ *e. g.*\  वीर, साधु, सत्। The same is done in the case of com-
| pounds, but within brackets.

| 3. Where two words, though identical in form, differ entirely in meaning, they are generally repeated
| as separate words; \ *e. g.*\  हा, हि। In a few cases they have been grouped together.

| 4. Words which are used as adverbs, but derived by case-inflections from a noun or adjective, are
| given under the noun or adjective, \ *e. g.*\  उत्तरेण under उत्तर। In some cases they are given within
| brackets before the compounds, if any.

| 5. The several meanings of a word, where they can be sufficiently distinguished from one another, are
| given separately and marked by black Arabic figures. Mere \ *shades*\  of meaning are not considered as separate
| senses, but in such cases several synonyms are given under the same meaning, from which the reader will
| have to make his choice. Where the shades of meaning are sufficiently broad, they are numbered as separate
| meanings.

| 6. The meanings of words are arranged in the order of their importance and frequency of use. It has
| not, of course, been possible to do so in \ *every*\  case, ut the system has been generally followed.

| 7. (\ *a*\ ) Compounds are grouped under the first word in the compounds, in the alphabetical order of
| their \ *second*\  members, the black dash before them denoting that first word; \ *e, g.*\  --होत्र under अग्नि means 

| 
 under उत्तर means उत्तराधिकारिन्।

| \ *N. B.*\  In giving compounds, the changes, which the final letters undergo, \ *e. g.*\  the dropping, assimila-
| tion of letters &c. are assumed; \ *e. g.*\  --अपर under पूर्व stands for पूर्वापर, --गतिः under अधस्, for अधोगतिः &c. In
| some cases the compound words, where not easily intelligible, are given in full within brackets; see 

| 
 &c.

| (\ *b*\ ) Where a compound itself is used as the first member of other compounds, these letter are given
| immediately after, their second member being preceded by ºwhich represents the first compound; \ *e. g.*\  

| 
 &c. given under द्वि stand not for द्वींद्र or द्विराज, but for द्विजेंद्र or द्विजराज।

| (\ *c*\ ) All \ *aluk*\  compounds (\ *e. g.*\  आत्मनेपद, कुशेशय, परस्मैपद, मनसिज, दास्याः पुत्रः, हृदिस्पृश् &c.) are
| given separately in their proper places, but under the radical word.

| 8. All words formed by Kṛit or Taddhita affixes are given separately; thus 

| 
 &c. will be found not as compounds under कूल, भय &c. but as separate words. 

| 9. (\ *a*\ ). In the case of substantives the nominative singular, wherever it may at once denote the
| gender, is given throughout, the \ *visarga,*\  unless followed by \ *f.,*\  indicating masculine gender, and the
| \ *anusvâra*\  neuter gender. Where the nominative singular is not indicative of the gender, it is specified as
| \ *m. f.*\  or \ *n.*\  as the case may be. All substantives ending in consonants have their genders specified as \ *m. f.*\ 
| or \ *n.*\ 

| (\ *b*\ ) The feminine forms of nouns are usually given as separate leading words, but in some cases,
| especially in the first five or six hundred pages, they are given under the leading word after the masculine
| gender. But where the fem. base enters into compounds, it is invariably given separately; \ *e. g.*\  अजा।

| 10. In the case of adjectives the simple base only is given. The feminine of the majority of adjec-
| tives in अ ends in आ, and adjectives ending in इ or उ have generally the same base for all genders. In all
| such cases the simple base is given, the feminine being formed according to similar substantive bases. All
| irregular feminines are, however, denoted within brackets. Adjectives ending in त्, न्, or स्, form their
| feminines regularly in ती, नी, or सी; where irregular, they are denoted within brackets.

| 11. (\ *a*\ ). In the case of verbs, the Arabic figure before P., A. and U. denotes the conjugation
| to which the root belongs; P. denoting Parasmaipada, A. Atmanepada, and U. Ubhayapada (P. and A.).
| Den. stands for Denominative, and here the 3rd pers. sing. present tense is given throughout.

| (\ *b*\ ). Under each root the 3rd person singular present tense and of the Perfect, Aorist, two Futures
| and Infinitive in the case of important roots, and the past passive participle wherever noteworthy, are given
| throughout. The forms of the \ *Passive, Causal*\  and \ *Desiderative,*\  wherever noteworthy, are given after them,
| or after the senses of the primitive base, where there is any peculiarity in their senses.

| (\ *c*\ ). Verbs formed by prefixing prepositions to roots are given separately in their own alphabetical
| order, except in cases where there are no derivatives from such verbs.

| (\ *d*\ ). Roots sometimes change their form or \ *pada*\  (voice) or both, when used in particular senses,
| or when preceded by particular prepositions. Such changes are denoted within brackets.

| (\ *e*\ ). When a root belongs to different conjugations with different meanings, Roman figures are used
| to mark this difference, (cf. अस्, गुप्, हा &c.), the root being repeated only once.

| 12. (\ *a*\ ). All possible derivatives from a word are not always given when they may be easily sup-
| plied, more especially in the case of potential passive participles (formed by तव्य, अनीय and य), present
| participles, and abstract nouns from adjectives (formed by adding ता, त्व or य). Where there is any pecu-
| liarity either in the formation or meaning of these derivatives, they are given. But in many cases the stu-
| dent will have to supply the forms according to the general rules given in Grammar.

| (\ *b*\ ). Similarly all the equivalents given under the radical word are not always repeated under the deri-
| vatives; they may, if necessary, be ascertained by a reference to the radical word.

| 13. Mythological allusions are explained in \ *small*\  type in the body of the work between rectangular
| brackets []. Here long vowels like â, î, ū, and letters of the lingual class, as also ऋ and श are, for the
| convenience of the press, denoted by corresponding \ *italic*\  letters; \ *e. g.*\  P\ \ *and*\ \ ava and K\ \ *ri*\ \ p\ \ *i*\  stand for
| पांडव and कृपी।

| 14. Metres and information about literary and geographical names are given in the Appendices at
| the end. 

EXPLANATION OF TERMINATIONS USED IN THE DERIVATION OF WORDS.
------------------------------------------------------------

| \ *N. B.*\  Ter. stands for ‘termination’, and Tad. for ‘Taddhita’.

.. raw:: html

   <table border="1">
    <tr><td>अ</td><td> a Kṛit ter. (<i>f.</i>); as in जिगमिषा।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अङ्(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. (<i>f.</i>) before which no guṇa or Vṛiddhi takes place; as in भिदा, छिदा, स्पर्धा।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अच्(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. (<i>m.</i>); as in पचः; or a Tad. one; as in अर्शसः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अञ्(अ)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘descendant or offspring’ &c.; as in औत्सः, वैदः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अण्(अ)</td><td> a Tad. ter. used in the same sense; as in जानकी, पार्वती, शैव; also Kṛit.; as in कुंभकारः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अति(अत्)</td><td> a Tad. ter. (<i>f.</i>) showing number or measure; as in दशत्, पंचत्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अथुच्(अथु)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. (<i>m.</i>); as in वमथुः, वेपथुः श्वयथुः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अनि(अनि)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. (<i>f.</i>); as in अजीवनिः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अनीयर्(अनीय)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. used to form potential passive participles; as in करणीय, हननीय।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अप्(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. (<i>m.</i>); as in प्रसवः, गरः, भवः, करः; or Tad.; as in अंतर्लोमः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>असिच्(अस्)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in अप्रजस्, सुमेधस्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>असुन्(अस्)</td><td> an Uṇ. ter. (<i>n.</i>); as in सरस्, तपस्, चेतस्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>अस्ताति(अस्तात्)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in अधस्तात्, पुरस्तात्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>आच्(आ)</td><td> a Tad. ter. (<i>adv.</i>); as in दक्षिणा, उत्तरा।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>आटच्(आट)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in वाचाट।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>आनुक्(आन्)</td><td> a feminine termination; as in इंद्राणी, भवानी।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>आलच्(आल)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in वाचाल।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>आलुच्(आलु)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. showing ‘disposition or tendency’; as in श्रद्धालु, स्पृहयालु; or a Tad. ter. showing ‘possession’; as in हृदयालु; or ‘inability to bear’; as in शीतालु, उष्णालु।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इक्(इ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in पचिः, भेदिः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इञ्(इ)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘descendants’ &c.; as in दाशराथिः, कार्ष्णिः; द्रौणिः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इट्</td><td> the augment इ।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इतच्(इत)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘full of’ or ‘covered with’; as in तारकितं; कुसुमितः (कुसुमान्यस्य संजातानि स तरुः)।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इत्नु(इत्नु)</td><td> a Kṛit. ter.; as in स्तनयित्नु।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इनच्(इन)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘possession’; as in फलिन</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इनि(इन्)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘possession’; as in धनिन्, दंडिन्; or a Kṛit. ter.; as in प्रजविन्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इमनिच्(इमन्)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘state or भाव’; as in लघिमन्, गरिमन्, म्रदिमन्। </td></tr>
    <tr><td>इलच्(इल)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘possession’; as in फेनिल, पिच्छिल; or an Uṇ. ter.; as in सलिल।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इष्ठन्(इष्ठ)</td><td> a Tad. ter. used to form superlative degrees of adjectives.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इष्णुच्(इष्णु)</td><td> a Kṛit. ter. showing ‘disposition or tendency’; as in भ्राजिष्णु, अलंकरिष्णु, रोचिष्णु; or an Uṇ. ter.; as in देष्णुः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>इसि(इस्)</td><td> an Uṇ. ter.; as in शोचिस्, ज्योतिस्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ईकक्(ईक)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in शाक्तीकः, लौहितीकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ईकञ्(ईक)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in तार्तीयीक।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ईयसुन्(ईयस्)</td><td> a Tad. ter. used to form comparative degrees of adjectives.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ईरच् --न्(ईर)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘possession’; as in आंडीरः; कांडीरः, or an Uṇ. ter.; as in हिंसीरः, शरीरं; करीरं।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>उ(उ)</td><td> a Kṛit. ter.; as in इच्छुः, जिगमिषुः, भिक्षुः; or an Uṇ. ter. as in तरुः, भरुः, शंयुः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>उकञ्(उक)</td><td> a Kṛit. ter. showing ‘tendency’; as in पातुकः, स्थायुकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>उण्(उ)</td><td> a Kṛit or Uṇ. ter.; as in कारुः, वायुः, स्वादुः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>उरच्(उर)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘possession’; as in दंतुरः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>उलच्(उल)</td><td> an Uṇ. ter.; as in हर्षुल, चटुल।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>उसि, उसिन्(उस्)</td><td> an Uṇ. ter. (<i>n.</i>); as in जनुस्, वपुस्, परुस्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ऊक(ऊक)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in दंदशूक, जागरूक।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ऊङ्(ऊ)</td><td> a fem. ter.; as in कर्कंधू।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ऊठ्(ऊ)</td><td> a substitute; as in द्यूत from दिव्, जूः from ज्वर्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ऋ(ऋ)</td><td> an Uṇ. ter.; as in देवृ।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>एण्य(एण्य)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in प्रावृषेण्यः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>एद्यसुच्(एद्युस्)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in अन्येद्युः, परेद्युः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>एनप्(एन)</td><td> a Tad. ter. (<i>adv.</i>); as in दक्षिणेन, उत्तरेण।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in किरः, ज्ञः, प्रस्थः, or in उपघ्नः, निघ्नः; or a Tad. ter. (क) used in various senses as in अश्मकः, राष्ट्रकं, अश्वकः, सुवर्णकं, तूष्णीकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>कक्(क)</td><td> a Tad ter.; as in वाराहकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>कक्(क)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in मद्रकः, देवदत्तकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>कप्(क)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in व्यूढोरस्कः, नदीमातृकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>कि(इ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in चक्रिः, जग्मिः, ददिः, जलधिः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>कुरच्(उर)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in भिदुर, विदुर।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्त</td><td> (त changed to न) the ter. of the past passive participle; as in हत, गत, ज्ञात।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्तवतु(तवत्)</td><td> the ter. of the past active participle; as in हतवत्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्तिच् --त्(ति)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. (<i>f.</i>) forming abstract nouns  from roots; as in कृतिः, मतिः, गतिः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>कु(नु)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. showing ‘tendency or disposition;’ as in गृध्नु, क्षिप्नु, त्रस्नु।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्मरच्(मर)</td><td> a Kṛitter.; as in घस्मर, सृमर।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्यच्(य)</td><td> a denominative ter. (P.); as in पुत्रीयति।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्यङ् --ष्(य)</td><td> a denominative ter.; as in भृशायते, पार्थायते।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्यप्(य)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in कृत्य, स्तुत्य।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्रु(रु)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in भीरु।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्रु-क्लु-कन्(रु-लु-क)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in भीरु(लु)क।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्वनिप्(वन्)</td><td> a Kṛit or Uṇ ter.; as in सुधीवन्, शीवन्, क्रुश्वन्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्वरप्(वर)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. showing ‘tendency or disposition’; as in इत्वर, सृत्वर, गत्वर।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्निन्-प्(व् or वि)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. added to roots, but which is usually omitted; as in स्पृक्, दृक्, संपद्, वाक् &c.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>क्स्न(स्न)</td><td> an Uṇ. ter.; as in अक्ष्णं, कृत्स्नं।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ख(ईन)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in कुलीन।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>खच् --श्(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. before which a nasal is inserted; as in स्तनंधयः, प्रियंवदः, नाडिंधमः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>खञ्(ईन)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in माहाकुलीन।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>गक् --न्(ग)</td><td> an Uṇ. ter.; as in मुद्गः, गंगा।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ग्मिनि(ग्मिन्)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in वाग्मिन्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>गस्नु(स्नु)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in जिष्णु, स्थास्नु।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>घ(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in गोचरः, उरश्छदः; or a Tad. ter. (इय); as in यज्ञिय, महेंद्रिय।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>घञ्(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. used to form abstract nouns from roots, before which the final vowel and penultimate अ generally undergo Vṛiddhi, and the penultimate short guṇa; as in हारः, त्यागः, पाकः, क्षेपः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>घिनुण्(इन्)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in त्यागिन्, योगिन्, भोगिन्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>घुरच्(उर)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in भंगुर।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ङीप्(ई)</td><td> a fem. ter.; as in गतवती, मृगी।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ङीष्(ई)</td><td> a fem. ter.; as in कल्माषी, सारंगी।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>चणप्(चण)</td><td> a Tad. ter; as in अक्षरचणः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>चानश्(आन)</td><td> a ter. of the present participle Atmanepada; as in निघ्नान, भुंजान।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>चुं --चं --चुप्(चुं --चुं --चु)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in अक्षरचंचु।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>च्वि</td><td> a name of a termination; see अभूततद्भाव।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>छ(ईय)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in त्वदीय, मदीय।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ञ(अ)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in पौर्वशालः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ञ्य(य)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in पांचजन्यः, कौविदार्यंः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ट(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in सेनाचरः, पुरःसरः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>टाप्(आ)</td><td> a fem. ter.; as in अजा, वंध्या।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ट्युल्(तन)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘pertaining to’; as in दिवातन, सायंतन, इदानींतन।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ठक्(इक)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in रौचनिकः, रैवतिकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ठञ्(इक)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in दैनिक, नैशिक्र, पैतृक।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ठन्(इक)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘possession’ &c.; as in धनिकः, शतिकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ड(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. before which the final consonant of a root is usually dropped; as in अंतगः, दूरगः। </td></tr>
    <tr><td>डतमच्(अतम)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘one of many’; as in कतम।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>डतर(अतर)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘one of two’; as in कतर, एकतर।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>डु(उ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in विभुः, प्रभुः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ड्वलच्(वल)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘possession’; as in नड्वल।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ढ(एय)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in शिलेय, सभेय।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ढक्(एय)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘descended or born from’; as in गांगेयः, माहेयः, नादेयः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ढकञ्(एयक)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in बाहुकुलेयकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ढञ्(एय)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in गार्ष्टेयः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ण(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in ग्राहः, ज्वालः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>णमुल्(अम्)</td><td> the termination of a particular kind ofgerund; as in कारं, स्मारंस्मारं।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>णिच्(इ)</td><td> the termination of the causal.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>णिनि(इन्)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in ग्राहिन्, पायिन्, स्थायिन्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ण्य(य)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in दैत्यः, सांकाश्यः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ण्यत्(य)</td><td> a termination of the potential passive participle; as in कार्य, हास्य।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ण्वुल्(अक)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in प्रवाहिक।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>तरप्, तमप्(तर, तम)</td><td> terminations of the comparative and superlative degrees.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>तसिल्(तस्)</td><td> a ter. of the ablative case; as in मूलत, सर्वतः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>तातिल्(ताति)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in शिवताति, सर्वताति।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>तुट्(त्)</td><td> the augment inserted before अन; as in सायंतनः</td></tr>
    <tr><td>तुमुन्(तुम्)</td><td> the ter. of the infinitive mood.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>तृच्(तृ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. of agency; as in कर्ता, भोक्ता।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>त्यक्(त्य)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in पाश्चात्यः, दाक्षिणात्यः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>त्यप्(त्य)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in तत्रत्य, अत्रत्य।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>त्रल्(त्र)</td><td> a Tad. ter. (<i>adv.</i>); as in कुत्र, सर्वत्र, तत्र।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>था --थाल्(था)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘manner’; as in सर्वथा, पूर्वथा।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>दघ्नच्(दघ्न)</td><td> Tad. ter. showing ‘measure or height’, as in जानुदघ्न, ऊरुदघ्न, ऊरुद्वयस, गजद्वयस।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>द्वयसच्(द्वयस)</td><td> Tad. ter. showing ‘measure or height’, as in जानुदघ्न, ऊरुदघ्न, ऊरुद्वयस, गजद्वयस।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>नङ्(न)</td><td> a Kṛit. ter.; as in यज्ञः, प्रश्नः, यत्नः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>नुक्(न)</td><td> the augment न्; as in धूनयति, प्रीणयति।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>पुक्(प्)</td><td> the augment प्; as in रोपयति, ज्ञापयति।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>फक्, फञ्(आयन)</td><td> Tad. ter.; as in नाडायनः, वात्स्यायनः, आश्वलायनः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>म(म)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in मध्यम, आदिम, द्रुमः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>मतुप्(मत्)</td><td> a possessive ter.; as in अग्निमत्, श्रीमत्; (changed to वत्).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>मयट्(मय)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in काष्ठमय, जलमय।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>मात्रच्(मात्र)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘measure’; as in ऊरुमात्र, गजमात्र।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>मिनि(मिन्)</td><td> a possessive ter.; as in गोमिन्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>मुम्(म्)</td><td> the augment म्; as in रात्रिंचर, स्तनंधयः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>य(य)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in पाश्या, वात्या, धूम्या, or in सभ्यः, शरण्यः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>यङ्(य)</td><td> a ter. of the frequentative; as in बोभूयते। </td></tr>
    <tr><td>यञ्(य)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in वात्स्यः, गार्ग्यः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>यत्(य)</td><td> a Kṛit. ter.; as in भव्य, गेय, चेय।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>र(र)</td><td> a possessive ter.; as in मधुर, कुंजर; also a Kṛit. ter.; as in नम्र, दीप्र, कम्र, शुभ्र, हिंस्र।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>लच्(ल)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in अंसल, मांसल।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ल्यु(अन)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. showing ‘agency’; as in नंदनः, मदनः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ल्युट्(अन)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. forming abstract nouns; as in गमनं, भवनं, प्रमाणं।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>वनिप्(वन्)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in यज्वन्, धीवन्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>वरच्(वर)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in ईश्वर, स्थावर।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>वलच्(वल)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in शिखावलः, रजस्वला।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>विनि(विन्)</td><td> a possessive ter.; as in पयस्विन्, यशस्विन्, मेधाविन्, स्रग्विन्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>वुञ्(अक)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in निंदकः, हिंसकः, or a Tad. ter.; as in औष्ट्रकं, राजकं, औरभ्रकं।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>वुन्(अक)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. as in सरकः, लवकः। </td></tr>
    <tr><td>श(अ)</td><td> a Kṛit ter.; as in क्रिया, विंदः, or a Tad. ter. (श); as in लोमशः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>शतृ(अत्)</td><td> a ter. of the present participle of Parasmaipada; as in पचत्, विदत्।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>शानच्</td><td> (आन or मान) a ter. of the present participle of the Atmanepada; as in पचमानः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ष, षच्(अ)</td><td> added at the end of comp.; as in त्रिमूर्धः, पद्माक्षः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ष्कन्(क)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in पथिकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ष्ट्रन्(त्र)</td><td> a Kṛit ter. showing ‘instrument or means’ of an action; as in वक्त्रं, शस्त्रं, वस्त्रं, पात्रं, योत्रं, दंष्ट्रा।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ष्ठच्(इक)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in कुसीदिकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ष्ठन् --ष्ठल्(इक)</td><td> Tad. ter.; as in पर्पिकः, आकर्षिकः।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ष्फ(आयन)</td><td> a Tad. ter.; as in कात्यायनी।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ष्यञ्(य)</td><td> a Tad. ter. showing ‘state (भाव)’; as in चातुर्यं, सौंदर्यं।</td></tr>
    <tr><td>सन्(स)</td><td> the ter. of the desiderative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>ह</td><td> a Tad. ter. (<i>adv.</i>); as in इह। <i>Note.</i> --The ERRATA will be separately published hereafter.  </td></tr>
   </table>


ABBREVIATIONS of works.
-----------------------


| \ *N. B.*\  -- Except where otherwise specified, the Editions of works referred to are
| mostly those printed at Calcutta.

.. raw:: html

   <table border="1">
    <tr><td>Ait Br.</td><td> Aitareya Brâhmaṇa (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ak.</td><td> Amarakosha. („).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>A. L.</td><td> <i>A</i>nandalaharî.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Amaru.</td><td> Amaru<i>s</i>ataka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>A</i>past.</td><td> <i>A</i>pastamba.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>A. R.</td><td> Anargharâghava (published in the Kàvyamàlà).</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>A</i>ry. S.</td><td> <i>A</i>ryavidyâsudhàkara (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>A</i>ryâ. S.</td><td> <i>A</i>ryâsapta<i>s</i>atî (published in the Kávyamâlâ).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>A<i>s</i>vad.</td><td> A<i>s</i>vadhâṭî (published in the Subhâshitaratnákara).</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>As</i>val.</td><td> <i>As</i>valáyana's Sùtras.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Av.</td><td> Atharva-veda.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Baudhây.</td><td> Baudhâyana.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bg.</td><td> Bhagavadgîtâ (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bh.</td><td> Bhartṛihari's three <i>S</i>atakas (the figures 1., 2., 3. after Bh. denoting <i>S</i>ṛingâraº, Nîtiº, and Vâirâgyaº).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bhav. P.</td><td> Bhavishyottara Purâṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bhâg.</td><td> Bhágavata (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bhâr. Ch.</td><td> Bhâratachampū (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bhâshâ P.</td><td> Bhàshàparichchheda.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bhàva P.</td><td> Bhàvaprakâ<i>s</i>a.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bîj.</td><td> Bîjagaṇita.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bk.</td><td> Bhaṭṭikâvya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>B. R.</td><td> Bálarâmáyaṇa (Benares).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>B. and R.</td><td> Böthlingk and Roth.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bṛi. S.</td><td> Varâhamihira's Bṛihatsamhitâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Br<i>i.</i> S.</td><td> Varâhamihira's Bṛihatsamhitâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bṛi. Kath</td><td> Bṛihatkathâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Br. Sùt</td><td> Brahmasūtras.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Br<i>i. A</i>r. Up. </td><td>Bṛihadâraṇyakopanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bṛi. Up. </td><td>Bṛihadâraṇyakopanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bv.</td><td> Bhâminîvilâsa (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Chaṇḍ K.</td><td> Chaṇḍakau<i>s</i>ika.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Chand M.</td><td> Chhandomanjarî.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Chandr.</td><td> Chandrâloka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Châṇ.</td><td> Châṇakya<i>s</i>ataka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Chât.</td><td> Chàtakâshṭaka (in two parts.)</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ch. P.</td><td> Chaurapanchâ<i>s</i>ikâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ch. Up.</td><td> Chhándogyopanishad </td></tr>
    <tr><td>Dáy. B., Dày. </td><td> Dáyabhàga.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>D. Bhàg</td><td> Devîbhâgavata.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Dhan. V</td><td> Dhananjayavijaya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Dharm.</td><td> Dharmaviveka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Dhūrt.</td><td> Dhūrtasamâgama.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Dk.</td><td> Da<i>s</i>akumâracharita (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>D. R.</td><td> Da<i>s</i>arūpa (Hall's Edition).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Dṛi. <i>S.</i></td><td> Dṛishṭânta<i>s</i>ataka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Gaut. S.</td><td>  Gautamasūtra.</td></tr>
    <tr><td> Gaut. Sūt. </td><td> Gautamasūtra.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ghaṭ.</td><td> Ghaṭakarparakàvya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Gît.</td><td> Gîtagovinda.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>G. L.</td><td> Gangâlaharî.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>G. M.</td><td> Gaṇaratnamahodadhi of Vardhamâna.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Golâdh.</td><td> Golâdhyàya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>H.</td><td> Hitopade<i>s</i>a (Nirṇaya Ságara Edition).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Halày.</td><td> Haláyudha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Hariv.</td><td> Harivam<i>s</i>a.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Hch.</td><td> Harshacharita.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>H. D.</td><td> Hamsadūta.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Hem.</td><td> Hemachandra.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>I<i>s</i>op.</td><td> I<i>s</i>opanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>J. N. V.</td><td> Jaiminîyanyâyamâlâvistara (Goldstücker's Edition).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>K.</td><td> Kâdambarî (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kàm</td><td> Kámandakinîtisára.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ká<i>s</i>i</td><td> Kâ<i>s</i>ikâvṛitti (Benares).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Karpūr.</td><td> Karpūramanjàrî (published in the Kàvyamàlà).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kaṭh</td><td> Kaṭhopanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kàṭh.</td><td> Kàtyáyana.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kau<i>s.</i></td><td> Kau<i>s</i>ikasūtra.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kaus. Br.</td><td> Kaushîtaki Brâhmaṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kaus. Up.</td><td> Kaushîtakyupanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kàv</td><td> Kâvyâdar<i>s</i>a.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kâvyàl</td><td> Kàvyàlamkàra (published in the Kâvyamâlâ).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ken</td><td> Kenopanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ki.</td><td> Kirâtârjunîya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kîr. K.</td><td> Kîrtikaumudî (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>K. P.</td><td> Kávyaprakâ<i>s</i>a. </td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ks.</td><td> Kathâsaritsàgara.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ku.</td><td> Kumârasambhava (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kull.</td><td> Kullūka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kusum</td><td> Kusumânjali.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Kuval.</td><td> Kuvalayânanda.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Lîlâ.</td><td> Lîlâvatî.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>M.</td><td> Mâlavikâgnimitra (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mâdh. N.</td><td> Mâdhavanidâna.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mahàn.</td><td> Mahânâṭaka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Màl.</td><td> Mâlatîmâdhava (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Malli.</td><td> Mallinátha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mâṇḍ.</td><td> Mâṇḍūkyopanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mârk. P.</td><td> Mârkaṇḍeya Purâṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mb.</td><td> Mahâbhârata (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mbh.</td><td> Mahâbhâshya (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Me.</td><td> Meghadūta (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Med.</td><td> Medinîkosha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mit.</td><td> Mitâksharâ (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mîm.</td><td> Mîmâmsâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mk.</td><td> Mṛichchhakaṭika</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Moha M.</td><td> Mohamudgara.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ms.</td><td> Manusmṛiti.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mu.</td><td> Mudrârâkshasa (Bombay),</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mugdha.</td><td> Mugdhabodha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Muṇḍ.</td><td> Muṇḍakopanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mv.</td><td> Mahâvîracharita (Borooah's Edition),</td></tr>
    <tr><td>N.</td><td> Naishadhacharita.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Nâg.</td><td> Nàgânanda.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Nala.</td><td> Nalopâkhyâna (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Nalod.</td><td> Nalodaya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Nir.</td><td> Nirukta.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Nîti.</td><td> Nîtisâra.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Nîtipr.</td><td> Nîtipradîpa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>P.</td><td> Pâṇini's Ashṭâdhyâyî.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Pad. D.</td><td> Padânkadūta.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>P. P.</td><td> Pàrvatîpariṇaya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>P. R.</td><td> Prasannarâghava.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Prab.</td><td> Prabodhachandrodaya (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Pra<i>s</i>na. Up.</td><td> Pra<i>s</i>nopanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Priy. D.</td><td> Priyadar<i>s</i>ikâ (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Pt.</td><td> Panchatantra (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>R.</td><td> Raghuvam<i>s</i>a (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Râj. P.</td><td> Râjapra<i>s</i>asti.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Râj. T.</td><td> Râjatarangiṇî.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Râm.</td><td> Râmâyaṇa (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ras. M.</td><td> Rasamanjarî.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ratn.</td><td> Ratnâvalî (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>R. G.</td><td> Rasagangâdhara (published in the Kâvyamâlâ).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Rs.</td><td> <i>R</i>itusamhâra (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Rv.</td><td> <i>R</i>igveda (Max Müller's Edition).</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>S.</i></td><td> <i>S</i>akuntalâ (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>S</i>abdak.</td><td> <i>S</i>abdakalpadruma.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sàn. K.</td><td> Sânkhyakârikâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sànkhya K</td><td> Sânkhyakârikâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sán. S.</td><td> Sànkhyasūtra. </td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sar. K.</td><td> Sarasvatîkaṇṭhâbharaṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sarva. S.</td><td> Sarvadar<i>s</i>anasamgraha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sar. S.</td><td> Sarvadar<i>s</i>anasamgraha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sat. Br.</td><td> <i>S</i>atapatha Brâhmaṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sây.</td><td> Sâyaṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>S. B.</td><td> <i>S</i>ârîrabhâshya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>S. D.</td><td> Sâhityadarpaṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>S</i>i.</td><td> <i>S</i>i<i>s</i>upâlavadha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sid. Mukt. </td><td>Siddhântamuktâvali.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sid. Muktâ.</td><td> Siddhântamuktâvali.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sid. <i>S</i>ir.</td><td> Siddhânta<i>s</i>iromaṇi.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>S</i>ik</td><td> <i>S</i>ikshâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>S</i>iva P.</td><td> <i>S</i>iva Purâṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sk.</td><td> Siddhânta-Kaumudî (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Skanda. P.</td><td> Skanda Purâṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>S. L.</td><td> Sudhâlaharî (published in the Kâvyamâlâ).</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>S</i>rut.</td><td> <i>S</i>rutabodha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>S.</i> Til.</td><td> <i>S</i>ṛingâratilaka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Subh.</td><td> Subháshitaratnâkara (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Subhàsh</td><td> Subhâshita.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Subh. Ratn.</td><td> Subhàshitaratnabhâṇdâgâra (Bombay)</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Su4rya S</td><td> Sūryasiddhânta.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Su<i>s</i>r.</td><td> Su<i>s</i>ruta.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Sv.</td><td> Sâmaveda.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>S</i>vet. Up.</td><td> <i>S</i>vetâ<i>s</i>vataropanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Tarka K.</td><td> Tarkakaumudî (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Trik.</td><td> Trikâṇḍa<i>s</i>esha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>T. S.</td><td> Tarkasamgraha (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Tv.</td><td> Târânâtha's Vàchaspatyam.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>U.</td><td> Uttararàmacharita.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Udb</td><td> Udbhaṭa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ud. D.</td><td> Uddhavadūta.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ud. S.</td><td> Uddhavasande<i>s</i>a.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ujjval.</td><td> Ujjvaladatta.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Uṇ.</td><td> Uṇâdisūtras.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Up.</td><td> Upanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Upan.</td><td> Upanishad.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>V.</td><td> Vikramorva<i>s</i>îyam (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vâgb.</td><td> Vâgbhaṭa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vai<i>s</i></td><td> Vai<i>s</i>eshika.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vai<i>s.</i> Sūt.</td><td> Vai<i>s</i>eshikasūtras.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vâj</td><td> Vâjasaneyi Samhitâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vâk. P.</td><td> Vâkyapadîya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vall. Subh.</td><td> Vallabhadeva's Subhâshitâvali (Bombaay)</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vás.</td><td> Vásavadattâ (Hall's Edition).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vb.</td><td> Viddha<i>s</i>âlabhanjikâ (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ve.</td><td> Veṇîsamhâra.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vedànta P.</td><td> Vedântaparibhâshâ.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vet.</td><td> Vetálapancha vim<i>s</i>ati.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vid.</td><td> Vidagdhamukhamaṇḍana.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vikr</td><td> Vikramânkadevacharita (Bombay).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vîr. M.</td><td> Vîramitrodaya.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>V. May.</td><td> Vyavahâramayùkha (Mr. Mandlik's Edition). </td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vop. or Bop.</td><td> Vopadeva.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>V. P.</td><td> Vishṇu Purâṇa.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>V. Ratn.</td><td> Vṛittaratnâkara.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Vṛind. <i>S</i></td><td> Vṛindâvana<i>s</i>ataka.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>V. Sah.</td><td> Vishṇusahasranâma. </td></tr>
    <tr><td>Y.</td><td> Yâjñavalkya (Mr. Mandlik's Edition).</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Yoga S</td><td> Yogasūtras.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Yv., Yaj.</td><td> Yajurveda.</td></tr>
   </table>


| \ *Note.*\  --After the Abbreviations given above, where one Arabic figure is followed by another, the
| former indicates the canto, chapter, part, act, &c., and the latter, the number of the
| verse. A single Arabic figure indicates the page, act, &c. 

ABBREVIATIONS of Grammatical Terms
----------------------------------


.. raw:: html

   <table border="1">
    <tr><td>A. or Atm.</td><td> Atmanepada.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>a.</i></td><td> Adjective.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>abl.</td><td> Ablative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>acc.</td><td> Accusative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>adv.</i></td><td> Adverb.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>alg.</td><td> Algebra.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Arith.</td><td> Arithmetic.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>A. S.</td><td> Anglo-Saxon.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>astr.</td><td> Astronomy.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>astrol.</td><td> Astrology.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Avyayî.</td><td> Avyayîbhâva.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Bah.</td><td> Bahuvrîhi.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>Caus.</i></td><td> Causal.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>cf.</td><td> Compare.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Com.</td><td> Commentary.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>comp.</td><td> Compound.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>dat.</td><td> Dative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Den.</td><td> Denominative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>desid.</i></td><td> Desiderative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>du.</td><td> Dual.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>e. g.</td><td> Exempli gratia,</i> for example.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Eng.</td><td> English.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Etym., Ety.</td><td> Etymology.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>f.</i> or fem.</td><td> Feminine.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>fig.</td><td> Figuentative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>fr.</td><td> From.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>freq.</i></td><td> Frequentative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>gen.</td><td> Genitive.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Germ.</td><td> German.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Goth.</td><td> Gothic.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Gr.</td><td> Greek.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>gram.</td><td> Grammar.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>ibid.</i></td><td> The same.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>i. e.</td><td> id est,</i> that is.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>ind.</i></td><td> Indeclinable.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>inf.</td><td> Infinitive.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>instr.</td><td> Instrumental.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>L.</td><td> Latin.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>lit.</td><td> Literal. </td></tr>
    <tr><td>loc.</td><td> Locative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>m.</i> or mas.</td><td> Masculine.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Mar.</td><td> Marâṭhî.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Math.</td><td> Mathematics.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Medic.</td><td> Medicine.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>n.</i></td><td> Neuter.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>N.</td><td> Name.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Nom.</td><td> Nominative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>num. a.</i></td><td> Numeral adjective.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>oft</td><td> Often times.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>opp.</td><td> Opposite of.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>P.</td><td> Parasmaipada.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>pass.</i></td><td> Passive.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>pers.</td><td> Persian.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>phil.</td><td> Philosophy.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>pl.</td><td> Plural.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>pot. p.</i></td><td> Potential passive participle.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>p. p.</i></td><td> Past passive participle.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Pres.</td><td> Present tense.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>pres. p.</i></td><td> Present participle.</td></tr>
    <tr><td><i>pron. a.</i></td><td> Pronominal adjective.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>q. v.</td><td> <i>quod vide,</i> which see.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Rhet.</td><td> Rhetoric.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>sing.</td><td> Singular.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Subst.</td><td> Substantive.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>s. v.</td><td> <i>sub voce,</i> see under the word.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Tat.</td><td> Tatpurusha.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>U.</td><td> Ubhayapada (Parasmai. and Atmane.)</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Várt.</td><td> Vârtika.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Ved.</td><td> Vedic.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>v. l.</td><td> Various reading.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>Voc.</td><td> Vocative.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>=</td><td> Equal or equivalent to, same as.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>+</td><td> Plus.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>&c.</td><td> Et cætera.</td></tr>
    <tr><td>º</td><td> denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be supplied; <i>e. g.;</i> ºरत्नप्रभवस्य यस्य under अनंत means अनंतरत्न &c. </td></tr>
   </table>