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{@VOLUME ONE@} [Page01.0001] <>{#a#} <>

.{#a#}^1¦ (a) the first letter of the Deva1gari1 alphabet. All {%Aks2arasma1- <>-mna1yas%} being with it. cf. S4ivSu1. (Gr.) 1. The Nandika1s4i. on it (vv. 3--9) <>gives its mystic significance {##} v. 3; {##}- <>-{##} v. 4; {##} v. 9; its first position {##} <>{##} BhagGi1. 10. 33; begins all the Ma1tr2ka1s {##} <>{##} CamatCan. 3. 10; {##} Pa1ar1Tri. <>193. 20; {##} Tantra1bhi. vi. 41. 3; {##} <>Lalita1SaBh. 125. 17 ({%on%} 167); this gave rise to the idea of identifying {##} <>with various gods like Vis2n2u, cf. -{@10a@} {%m.%} <>

.{#a#}^2¦ (a) a central mid vowel of Sanskrit vocalism; the most frequent <>phoneme in the language betraying is multiple origin, IE. e, o, a, n, me <>and 3 before y; usually called {%a-ka1ra,%} AitBr. 25. 7 (668); AitA1. ii. 3. 6; <>iii. 2. 3; JaimiUBr. iv. 13. 4; iv. 13. 8; TaiPra1ti. 1. 16; 22. 4; Va1jaPra1ti. 1. 37; <>defined by Ka1t. in Va1r. {##} on P. iii. 3. 108; P. uses the techinical <>term {%at;%} its phonetic value is stated in P. viii. 4. 68 which describes it as <>close [e] which replaces the open sound [v] used in the metalanguage of <>grammar, {##} <>Maha1Bh. iii. 465. 17 ({%on%} P. viii. 4. 68); {##} <>Maha1Bh. i. 15. 14 ({%on%} S4ivSu1. (Gr.) 1); it stands for all its 18 varieties {##} <>{##} Maha1Bh. i. 18. 23 ({%on%} S4ivaSu1. (Gr.) 1); {##} <>{##} Ca1ndra VaSu1. 38; a nasalized <>form is used in P. i. 3. 2 as an {%it%} probably because Skt. has no distinctive <>nasal vowels; extended to S4ivSu1. (Gr.) 6; {##} PadMan5. <>{%on%} Ka1s4iVr2. {%on%} P. i. 3. 2; while enumerating consonants {##} is added which <>is said to be {%ucca1ran2a1rtha%} {##} Siddha1Kau. 2B. 4; used <>to state roots when compounded in P.'s su1tras; a nasalized a5 is used in <>the Dha1tupa1t2ha; in the tenth {%gan2a%} (Dha1tuPa1. x. 307-367) {%a%} prevents <>{%gan2a%} or {%vr2ddhi%} of the preceding syallable. <>

.{#a#}^3¦ (a) the pronomical base ({%as4%} in P.ii. 4. 32; ii. 4. 33) as found in the <>Vedic forms {%aya1, ayoh2;%} and also in later language in {%asmai, asma1t, asya, <>asmin, asyai, asya1h2, asya1m;%} in {%atra%} and {%atah2%} (P.'s substitute for etad) <>[IE. e, etymologically present in words like {%asau, adah, adya, aha%} etc. <>Pok. 283; TURN. 1.] <>

.{#a#}^4¦ (a) verbal augment in the past tenses including conditional (P. <>vi. 4. 71) is always accented; Veda shows forms with and without this <>augment [IE. e. originally an independent element expressing the past <>sense, Pok, 283.] <>

.{#a#}^5¦ (a) negative particle [IE n2~ne, Pok. 757.] called {%nan5%} (P. vi. 3. 73) <>before words beginning with consonants, but {%as%} before vowels; an oft cited <>stanza (attributed to Hari in ParaLaMan5. p. 123) gives six shades of <>meaning of negation {##} <>{##} (cited in Vaiya1Bhu1Sa1. p. 515), illustrated as {%abra1h. <>man2ah2%} 'like a Brahmin' (Na1g. {##}) {%apa1pam%} <>'absence of sin', {%anarivah2%} 'other than a horse' (Na1g. {##} <>{##}), {%anudara1 kanya1%} 'a girl with slender belly', {%apas4avo va1 <>anye%} 'all others (than the cow and the horse) are unworthy of being called <>animals' (Na1g. {##}), {%adharmah2%} 'con- <>-trary to merit, demerit'; in some Bahuvri1his it develops an emphatic sense <>cf. {##} etc.; in few cases it has become <>synonymous with its opposite cf. {#{@@}#} and {##} used before a <>vowel in {%a-r2nin%} (said to occur in Maha1Bha1.); {##} is compounded with <>nearly all other parts of speech to produce a negative compound; from the <>earliest days it was prefixed to nouns: {%akratu4%} R2V. x. 83. 5; {%a4deva%} R2V. vi.